Thanks a bunch! While this didn't directly solve my problem your suggestion led to me discovering the solution. I'll post it here in case anyone else hits the same thing.
The root cause seems to be that I'm connecting monitors to my computer through a USB3 Docking Station, the Plugable UD-3900...
This is another one of the OpenGL issues. I searched and found a few threads on this, most of them suggesting to download a driver that supports OpenGL. I did update both my graphics drivers (Intel HD Graphics and Nvidia GeForce 660M), reinstalled TLOPO and restarted my computer. Still getting...