Moonstones drop almost everywhere. Specifically,
- Players can loot Moonstones from EITC, Navy, Undead, and Davy Jones enemies until the end of the event.
(
https://tlopo.com/releases/ )
There are three types of Moonstones: Small, Large, and
Enchanted (similarly there are Small, Large, and
Haunted bones).
At the Yuletide Manor on Tortuga, near the jail, Moonstones can be exchanged for weapons - you'll have to visit to see them yourself!
Small Moonstones / Small Bones can be found in
Loot Pouches.
Large Moonstones / Large Bones can be found in
Loot Chests.
Enchanted Moonstones / Haunted Bones can be found in
Loot Skull Chests.
Naturally, the more loot there is the more Moonstones will drop. Most players are working towards finding Enchanted ones, specifically, so they usually go to bosses due to their higher Skull Chest drop rate. My favorite place to find Enchanted Moonstones is at "The Twins" in Forsaken Shallows on Tormenta! Especially if someone brings Palifico down, there can be three bosses dying at once. This translates to lots of Enchanted Moonstones!
Hope this helps!