What kind of traits could define a different ship type?

Admiral Mason

Buccaneer
So Sloop is defined by speed and maneuverability, Galleon by Cargo and Broadsides, Frigate by armor and deck guns, and Brig by a balance. If there were other ship types, would could distinguish them? What kind of traits could they specialize in? I'm struggling to figure it out. Sail health? Speed of repair? Stern guns maybe?
 
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